Abstract
Background: Iraq faces critical pressure on its intensive care units (ICUs) due to high occupancy rates, limited resources, and a lack of transitional care infrastructure.
Objectives: This paper explores the current challenges of ICU delivery in Iraq’s public and private sectors and evaluates the role of Step-Down Units (SDUs) and Extended Care Monitoring Zones (ECMZs) as scalable, sustainable interventions.
Methods: A literature review and healthcare analysis were performed using national reports, international ICU frameworks, and observational insight.
Results: Evidence suggested that SDUs and ECMZs improved ICU throughput, reduced mortality, and supported structured recovery for both public and private systems.
Conclusions: Strategic integration of these units could enhance Iraq’s critical care resilience while expanding quality care access.
Santiago Herrero, Karrar Hammoodi Hadi
